A ramp, slope or incline is defined as an angle that exceeds 10%, or approximately one foot rise for every ten feet of ramp or incline. OSHA 1910.178(n)(7) addresses regulations for forklift ramps, slopes or inclines that must be followed any time a powered industrial truck is on a defined incline.
OSHA Regulations For Ramps
1910.178(n)(7)(i) When ascending or descending grades in excess of 10 percent, loaded trucks shall be driven with the load upgrade.
1910.178(n)(ii) On all grades the load and load engaging means shall be tilted back if applicable, and raised only as far as necessary to clear the road surface.
How Ramps Affect Forklifts
Climbing excessive grades can have a negative effect on battery cycle time, fuel consumption, component temperature, longevity and reliability of the machine. While the ability to reliably climb a ramp is important, safely descending a ramp when carrying heavy loads is equally concerning. The forklift must be able to safely stop on the required grade. Operators should be trained to follow specific travel rules for their own safety.
Forklift Gradeability
Gradeability ratings apply to a particular make and model of machine and are legitimately supplied only by the manufacturer. The ratings identify on which grade a machine is capable of climbing and stopping with a full capacity load.
Conversion Chart
A conversion chart can help in converting from degree to percentage. Forklift gradeability is often rated by the degree of incline, but you can also calculate the percentage by measuring the height and length of the ramp at your facility.
Operating Forklifts On A Ramp
When operating on a forklift ramp, slope or incline, the operator must follow specific travel rules for their own safety.
Forklifts With A Load
- Drive with the load uphill on ramps
- Drive forward, load uphill going up a ramp
- Drive backward, load uphill going down a ramp
Forklifts Without A Load
- Drive with the empty forks downhill
- Drive in reverse going up a ramp with empty forks
- Drive in forward going down a ramp with empty forks
Forklift Ramp Safety Tips
- Always drive straight up or down a ramp, never turning the forklift on a ramp.
- If the load blocks the forklift operator’s view, use a spotter.
- Never park the forklift on an incline, only park on flat ground.
- Apply the parking brake, put the control in neutral, set the forks or attachment on the ground and shut off the forklift.
- No pedestrian traffic should be on the ramp during forklift operation.
Do you have questions about your forklift ramps, slopes or inclines? Contact the equipment manufacturer for information about your specific challenge.
