Forklift UL Ratings

Independent Testing Laboratory

OSHA requires all new forklifts, both internal combustion (IC) and electric, be inspected by an independent testing laboratory for their ability to avoid causing a fire in the workplace. Toyota Material Handling and several other forklift manufacturers use Underwriters Laboratories (UL) for all testing. Others use Factory Mutual (FM).

Forklift UL Rating Levels

There are 2-4 levels of OSHA ratings for forklifts dependent on the fuel used. The forklift UL rating will be stamped on the data, or capacity, tag under the heading of “Truck Type.”

• Gasoline forklifts are rated G or GS
• LPG forklifts are rated LP or LPS
• Diesel forklifts are rated D, DS or DY
• Electric forklifts are rated E, ES, EE or EX

Forklift Fire Hazards

Each increased level of the rating requires changes to the forklift to reduce the possibility of causing a fire. As an example, diesel “D” rated forklifts are standard. A “DS” rated forklift would have some sealed components and electrical connections such as a starter and alternator to reduce the possibility of an electrical arc. A “DY” rated forklift would have no electrical system. Instead it would have an air operated starter, an air tank to power the starter and many other safeguards. “DY” forklifts have brass coated forks and load back rests. They may also feature a squeeze bicycle horn or bell in place of an electric horn.

Forklift Modifications

When modifying or adding accessories to forklifts, it's important to be aware that the UL rating could be voided. For instance, adding a static chain or strap to the forklift frame is crucial to prevent static electricity from interfering with the forklift's computers. On electric forklifts rated "E" or "ES," using a steel static chain is acceptable. However, for forklifts with an "EE" or "EX" rating, steel chains are not approved because they can create external sparks. In those cases, a brass chain or rubber static strap must be used to maintain safety and compliance.

When evaluating equipment, be sure to discuss the required forklift UL rating with your sales consultant during the facility visit.